Lymph node biopsy for children and teens

A lymph node aspiration is a type of biopsy procedure. These procedures are used to detect cancer cells in lymph nodes. 

The tissue sample that can be obtained from the lymph node through a fine needle aspiration is usually not sufficient for the hematopathologist to make a conclusive diagnosis. To ensure there is enough tissue to make an accurate diagnosis, the biopsy may be done with a larger needle (a core needle biopsy), or a surgeon may cut through the skin to remove either a small area of tissue (an incisional biopsy), or the entire lymph node (an excisional biopsy). The decision about which type of biopsy to use is based on the location of the lymph node.

How is a lymph node aspiration or biopsy done?

The tests are usually done in an operating room at a hospital or in an outpatient facility. First, the doctor numbs the area to be biopsied (local anesthesia) as you lie on the exam table. The skin over the biopsy site is cleansed and a local anesthetic is injected. You may be given a mild sedative. Occasionally, patients are given a general anesthetic instead of local anesthesia. 

For an aspiration, if the lymph node cannot be felt, an ultrasound may be used to guide the needle to the correct location. A thin needle is inserted through the skin. A vacuum is created in the needle and a small section of tissue is aspirated (suctioned) into the needle. For an incisional or excisional biopsy, the surgeon makes a small incision to remove part or all of the enlarged lymph node. Once the tissue sample is removed, they close the opening with stitches. There's usually little or no scarring. 

Learn more about the blood, bone marrow, and the lymphatic system. 

View the interactive 3D model to help you visualize and better understand the procedure. Click or tap the "Interact in 3D" button to begin.